The Changeless Christ_______________--Hebrews Chapter 12Lane Rogers

1Let love of the brethren continue. 2Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for by this some have entertained angels without knowing it. 3Remember the prisoners, as though in prison with them, and those who are ill-treated, since you yourselves also are in the body. 4Marriage is to be held in honor among all, and the marriage bed is to be undefiled; for fornicators and adulterers God will judge. 5Make sure that your character is free from the love of money, being content with what you have; for He Himself has said, "I WILL NEVER DESERT YOU, NOR WILL I EVER FORSAKE YOU," 6so that we confidently say,
"THE LORD IS MY HELPER, I WILL NOT BE AFRAID.
WHAT WILL MAN DO TO ME?

V. I, Biblical Themes repeated

A. Love of the brethren__1st John 3:16f.

B. Pslams 133:1, brethren are to dwell in unity!

V. 2, Hospitality to strangers was not just a Christian idea but also a Greek idea.

A. Zeus was the patron of strangers.

B. Abraham was regarded as outstanding for his hospitality (Gen. 21:33).

C. Hospitality is a must for leaders of the church__1 Tim. 3:2 and Tit.1:8.

D. The "angels unaware" is no doubt a reference to Abraham in Gen. 21:33. Also see Gen. 19:1ff.

V. 3, These people had already shown sympathy for imprisoned friends (ch. 10:32ff).

A. Remember the Pauline principle, "if one member suffers all the members suffer." (1st Cor. 12:26).

B. The Phrase "in the body" is not the body of Christ but the human body.

V. 4, What is undefiled?

ἀ-μίαντος (a-miantos, 283), -ον, (μιαίνω), not defiled, unsoiled; free from that by which the nature of a thing is deformed and debased, or its force and vigor impaired: κοίτη pure, free from adultery, Heb. xiii. 4; κληρονομία (without defect), 1 Pet. i. 4; θρησκεία, Jas. i. 27; pure from sin, Heb. vii. 26. (Also in the Grk. writ.; in an ethical sense, Plat. legg. 6, p. 777 e.; Plut. Pericl. c. 39 βίος καθαρὸς καὶ ἀμίαντος.).

A. What is a fornicator?

πόρνος (pornos, 4205), -ου, ὁ, (for the etym. see πόρνη), a man who prostitutes his body to another's lust for hire, a male prostitute, ([Arstph.], Xen., Dem., Aeschin., Lcian.); univ. a man who indulges in unlawful sexual intercourse with another man, animal, or child or married person. (Vulg. fornicator, fornicarius, [Rev. xxii. 15 impudicus]): 1 Co. v. 9-11; vi. 9; Eph. v. 5; 1 Tim. i. 10; Heb. xii. 16; xiii. 4; Rev. xxi. 8; xxii. 15. (Sir. xxiii. 16 sq.)*

B. What is the adulterer? ( Also see 1. Thess. 4:6)

μοιχός (moichos, 3432), -οῦ, ὁ, an adulterer: Lk. xviii. 11; 1 Co. vi. 9; Heb. xiii. 4. Hebraistically (see μοιχαλίς, b.) and fig. faithless toward God, ungodly: Jas. iv. 4 R G. (Soph., Arstph., Xen., Plut., sqq.; Sept.).

C. What is a Whoremonger?

πόρνος (pornos 4205)1. fornicator -s
a fornicator.
2. whoremonger -s
a sodomite, a catamite.
1) a man who prostitutes his body to another's lust for hire
2) a male prostitute
3) a man who indulges in unlawful sexual intercourse, a fornicator

V. 5, A transition from sexual activity to money.

A. Cannot serve God and mammon (Lk. 6:24).

B. A man's life consists not of the things he possesses (Lk. 12:15).

C. A necessary qualification for an elder (1st Tim. 3:3).

D. The love of money is the root of all evil (1st Tim. 6:10).

E. We brought nothing into this world and we will leave this world without anything (1st Tim 6:6-8).

E. We are to be content with what we have, because what we have is Christ.

" 7Remember those who led you, who spoke the word of God to you; and considering the result of their conduct, imitate their faith. 8Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.

V. 7, They are told to remember those who led them.

A. This I think is a reference to the apostles (VV. 17 and 24 are leaders who are still alive).

B. It was the Apostles who spoke the Word of God to them and gave their life.

C. They are to imitate their conduct in faith!

V. 8, Those mentioned above are dead. They are no longer with the congregation to consult or question.

A. No so with Jesus Christ. He is always with us and His Word is unchanging and will ever be.

B. In chapter 1:12, we find the words of Ps. 102:27 and these are applied here.

9Do not be carried away by varied and strange teachings; for it is good for the heart to be strengthened by grace, not by foods, through which those who were so occupied were not benefited. 10We have an altar from which those who serve the tabernacle have no right to eat. 11For the bodies of those animals whose blood is brought into the holy place by the high priest as an offering for sin, are burned outside the camp. 12Therefore Jesus also, that He might sanctify the people through His own blood, suffered outside the gate. 13So, let us go out to Him outside the camp, bearing His reproach. 14For here we do not have a lasting city, but we are seeking the city which is to come. 15Through Him then, let us continually offer up a sacrifice of praise to God, that is, the fruit of lips that give thanks to His name. 16And do not neglect doing good and sharing, for with such sacrifices God is pleased.

V. 9. The nature of "true sacrifices."

A. This section links back to those verses in which we were told that Jesus is always the same.

B. Since Jesus is always the same, we are not to be carried away with false teachings (varied and strange actually is better stated "outlandish").

C. There probably is something else going on here rather than a relapse to Judaism. It sound much like the message of Colossians.

D. Paul has stated elsewhere that "food" will not commend us to God (1 Cor. 8:8). The author was unaware of the theology of eating out. Now he makes the point that it is grace that takes us home.

V. 10-11

A. We have an altar unlike those in the OT. The word "altar" here is used as a metonymy¹ for sacrifice.

Our author throughout this book insists that Christians have a better sanctuary than the earthly sanctuary and better sacrifices than animal sacrifices, now he is saying we have a better altar than the old material altar. In other words, we have a altar and a better one than the Jews under the Levitical system.

B. It is this passage the many Catholics try to associate with their Eucharist, that being that the Eucharist is not a memorial but a sacrifice. Of course, this is extreme heresy. Christ was the once and for all final sacrifice. See Ch. 10 for the finality of the sacrifice of Christ.

V. 12, Like the Levitical sacrifices that were burned "outside the camp" (see Exodus 29:14; Lev. 4:12; 8:17; 9:11).

Jesus was also crucified outside of the camp (see Jn. 19:20). This may even be a reference to the Red Heifer Sacrifice, Here since it was the Red Heifer who was killed outside the camp.

V. 13, "let us then go outside the camp, bearing the stigma he bore (NEB ). Jesus was led outside the camp to be crucified. He was completely rejected by those in Jerusalem and all that Jerusalem represented. We have already been told that Moses in his day "considered the stigma that rests of God's Anointed greater wealth than in all of Egypt (Ch. 11:26, NEB). We then are to bear the reproach of Christ.

V. 14, The cities on earth are temporary. We are looking for a heavenly city, a city that is eternal (Heb. 11:10).

V. 15, Now we address true worship but that is found only through Him. The sacrifice of thanksgiving found in the Law was the Peace Offering (Lev. 7:12). The language of "fruit of our lips" comes from the LXX version of Hos.14:2. This is one of the reasons we do not use musical instruments in the assembly. The Massoretic version (read here) reads, "so we render as bullocks, the offerings of our lips" (also the ASV). In other words, the worship of our lips replaced animal sacrifices. We find similar injunctions in the Rule of the Community. The fruit of one's lips was to replace animal sacrifices.

V. 16, This is an add on to verse 15. To the sacrifice of praise we are to add the sacrifice of doing. Showing loving kindness and sharing with others. Remembers James 1:27 and find true Chrsitanity.

17Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they keep watch over your souls as those who will give an account. Let them do this with joy and not with grief, for this would be unprofitable for you.

I. More on the eldership!

A. This is a commandment to submit to the elders of the congregations.

b. The Elders are accountable for the spiritual well being of members of the congregation.

To obey!

πείθω (peith&omacr; 3982)
1. persuade -ed, -est, -eth, -ing
(a) to persuade, win by words, influence, to speak with winning words (b) Middle or passive, to suffer one's self to be persuaded or convinced, to be persuaded in favour of any one, be convinced of, to yield assent to, trust him, obey him.

2. trust [verb] -ed
(a) transitive, to persuade, win by words, to influence.
(b) intransitive, to suffer one's self to be persuaded or convinced; to be persuaded in favour of any one, to yield assent to, obey him or trust him; to be convinced of, to have an assurance concerning, to confide or trust to.

3. obey -ed, -ing
(a) Active, to persuade, win by words, influence or gain any one, win for one's self.
(b) Medial passive, to suffer one's self to be persuaded or convinced, to be persuaded in favour of any one, yield assent to, obey or trust him.

4. confidence (have)
(a) transitive to persuade, win by words, influence (as opposed to force).
(b) intransitive middle to suffer one's self to be persuaded or convinced.
(c) Passive to be moved by fair means, especially by words, to be won over, prevailed upon.

5. believe -ed, -est, -eth, -ing
in middle and pass, as here, to suffer one's self to be persuaded or convinced by any fair means, but especially by words, to be won over, prevailed upon.

6. agree -d
active; to persuade, to win by words, to influence. Medial passive: suffer one’s self to be persuaded or convinced.

7. assure
intransitive as here, to persuade, to win by words, to influence.

8. confident (be) have).

9. trust (put one's)

10. confident (wax) have),
11. friend (mask one's) to persuade, win by words, to influence (as opposed to force).
12. trust (have whereof one might)
13. yield unto
transitive, to persuade; here, intransitive, to be persuaded, to be won by words, to suffer one's self to be convinced.

To Rule

ἡγέομαι (h&emacr;geomai, 2233), -οῦμαι; pf. ἥγημαι; 1 aor. ἡγησάμην; (fr. ἄγω [cf. Curtius p. 688]); dep. mid.; fr. Hom. down;
1. to lead, i. e.
a. to go before;
b. to be a leader; to rule, command; to have authority over: in the N. T. so only in the pres. ptcp. ἡγούμενος, a prince, of regal power (Ezek. xliii. 7 for מֶלֶךְ; Sir. xvii. 17), Mt. ii. 6; a (royal) governor, viceroy, Acts vii. 10; chief, Lk. xxii. 26 (opp. to ὁ διακονῶν); leading as respects influence, controlling in counsel, ἔν τισι, among any, Acts xv. 22; with gen. of the pers. over whom one rules, so of the overseers or leaders of Christian churches: Heb. xiii. 7, 17, 24, (οἴκου, 2 Chr. xxxi. 13; τῶν πατριῶν, 1 Esdr. v. 65 (66), 67 (68); τῆς πόλεως, Judg. ix. 51 Alex.; a military leader, 1 Macc. ix. 30; 2 Macc. xiv. 16; used also in Grk. writ. of any kind of a leader, chief, commander, Soph. Phil. 386; often in Polyb.; Diod. 1, 4 and 72; Lcian. Alex. 44; al.); with gen. of the thing, τοῦ λόγου, the leader in speech, chief speaker, spokesman: Acts xiv. 12 of Mercury, who is called also τοῦ λόγου ἡγεμών in Jamblich. de myster., init.
2. (like the Lat. duco) i. q. to consider, deem, account, think: with two ace, one of the obj., the other of the pred., Acts xxvi. 2; Phil. ii. 3, 6 (on which see ἁρπαγμός, 2 [W. § 44, 3 c.]); iii. 7 [cf. B. 59 (51); W. 274 (258)]; 1 Tim. i. 12; vi. 1; Heb. x. 29; xi. 11, 26; 2 Pet. i. 13; ii. 13; iii. 9, 15. τινὰ ὥς τινα, 2 Th. iii. 15 [cf. W. § 65, 1 a.]; τινὰ ὑπερεκπερισσῶς, to esteem one exceedingly, 1 Th. v. 13 (περὶ πολλοῦ, Hdt. 2, 115; περὶ πλείστου, Thuc. 2, 89); w. acc. of the thing foll. by ὅταν, Jas. i. 2; ἀναγκαῖον, foll. by an inf., 2 Co. ix. 5; Phil. ii. 25; δίκαιον, foll. by an inf., 2 Pet. i. 13; foll. by an acc. w. inf., Phil. iii. 8. [Comp.: δι-, ἐκ-, δι-, προ-ηγέομαι.
Syn.: δοκέω 1, ἡγέομαι 2, νομίζω 2, οἴομαι: ἡγ. and νομ. denote a belief resting not on one’s inner feeling or sentiment, but on the due consideration of external grounds, the weighing and comparing of facts; δοκ. and δοκ., on the other hand, describe a subjective judgment growing out of inclination or a view of facts in their relation to us. ἡγ. denotes a more deliberate and careful judgment than νομ.; οἴ. a subjective judgment which has feeling rather than thought (δοκ.) for its ground. Cf. Schmidt ch. 17.]

They watch over your souls! What is the soul??

ψυχή (psuch&emacr; 5590)
1. soul -s
one of the manifestations of ζωή (z&omacr;&emacr; 2222) (life), viz. that which is manifested in animals, animal life; hence, breath (not breath as mere air, but as the sign of life). Once applied to vegetable life, Isa 10:18.
(In OT everywhere in the LXX used as נפש, nephesh) and is said to be possessed by all the lower creatures, Gen 1:20,21,24,30; 2:7,19; 9:10,12,15,16. Lev 11:10,46. Num 31:28. Pro 7:23; 12:10. Eze 47:9. So also, Rev 8:9; 16:3.
It denotes the vital principle in animal bodies, 2Ch 1:11. 1Sa 22:23. 1Ki 1:12. 2Ch 1:11. Est 7:3. Pro 1:19; 6:26; 12:10. Lam 2:19. Also Mat 16:25,26; 20:28. Luk 12:19-23. 1Jo 3:16.
It is used of the person as possessed of such life, Gen 12:5; 14:21; 17:14; 19:17,19,20; 46:18. Exo 12:15. Lev 4:2; 5:15; 7:27. Est 9:31. Isa 47:14, (compare Rev 6:9). Also of a dead person (with the adjective) Lev 21:11. And of those raised, Rev 20:4, as contrasted with those yet unraised, Rev 20:5.
It can die or be killed, Lev 24:17,18. Jdg 16:30; Num 23:10; 31:19. Deu 19:6; 22:26; 27:25. Pro 7:23. Ecc 3:19. So of persons, Jos 10:28,30,39. Lev 23:30. Also Mat 10:28. Mar 3:4. Luk 9:54-56. Rev 16:3.
It goes to the grave, Job 33:22, and can be hazarded by danger, Act 15:26. Rom 11:3.
It is identified with the blood (as the Spirit never is) Gen 9:4,5. Lev 17:11,14. Psa 72:14; 94:21. Pro 28:17.
The Greek ψυχή (psuch&emacr; 5590) is identified with Hebrew נפש, by comparing Act 2:27 with Psa 16:10. Rom 11:3 with 1Ki 19:10. 1Co 15:45 with Gen 2:7. Mat 20:28 with Isa 53:10.
“My soul” is the same as “me”, or “myself”, Num 23:10. Jdg 16:30. 1Ki 20:32. Psa 59:3; 35:13; 131:2. Jer 18:20 (compare 38:6).
“His soul” is the same as “him” or “himself”, Gen 37:21. Job 18:4. Psa 20:29; 105:17,18.
[The Hebrew word נפש (nepheeh) occurs 752 times, and is translated in 44 different ways, which may be thus grouped in four great classes.
I. “Creature”, (9) Gen 1:21,24; 2:19; 9:10,12,15,16. Lev 11:46. “Beast”, (2) Lev 24:18. “Thing”, (2) Lev 11:10. Eze 47:9. “Fish”, (1) Isa 19:10.
II. “Person”, (30) Gen 14:21; 36:6. Exo 16:16. Lev 27:2. Num 5:6; 19:18; 31:19,35,40,46; 35:11,15,30. Deu 10:22; 27:25. Jos 20:3,9. 1Sa 22:22. 2Sa 14:14. Pro 28:17. Jer 43:6; 52:29,30. Eze 16:5; 17:17; 27:13; 33:6. “Man”, (4) Exo 12:16. Lev 24:17: 2Ki 12:4. Isa 49:7. “Men”, (1) 1Ch 5:21. “Him”, (4) Gen 37:21. Deu 19:6; 22:26. Pro 6:16. “Me”, (3) Num 23:10. Jdg 16:30. 1Ki 20:32. “Yourselves”, (6) Lev 11:43,44. Deu 4:15. Jos 23:11. Jer 17:21; 37:9. “Himself”, (8) 1Ki 19:4. Job 18:4; 32:2. Jer 51:14: Amo 2:14,15; 6:8. Jon 4:8. “We”, (1) Psa 35:25. “He”, (2) Psa 105:18. Pro 16:26. “Myself”, (1) Psa 131:2. “Her”, (1) Jer 2:24. “Thee”, (2) Jer 40:14,15. “Herself”, (2) Isa 5:14. Jer 3:11. “Thyself”, (1) Est 4:13. “Themselves”, (3) Est 9:31. Isa 46:2; 47:14. “Dead”, (5) Lev 19:28; 21:1; 22:4. Num 5:2; 6:11. “Body”, (7) Lev 21:11. Num 6:6; 9:6,7,10; 19:13. Hag 2:13. “One”, (1) Lev 4:27. “Any”, (3) Lev 2:1. Num 19:11. Deu 24:7. “They”, (1) Job 36:14. “Own”, (1) Pro 14:10. “Fellow”, (1) Jdg 18:25. “Deadly”, (1) Psa 17:9. “Mortally”, (l) Deu 19:11. “Tablets”, (1) Isa 3:20. “Soul”, (475 times, everywhere except Job 30:15, where it is נדיבה (nobility) and נשמה (breath) Isa 57:16.
III. “Life” and “Lives”, (120) Gen 1:20,30; 9:4,5; 19:17,19; 32:30; 44:30. Exo 4:19; 21:23,30. Lev 17:11,14. Num 35:31. Deu 12:23; 19:21; 24:6. Jos 2:13,14; 9:24. Jdg 5:18; 9:17; 12:3; 18:25. Rut 4:15. 1Sa 19:5,11; 20:1; 22:23; 23:15; 26:24; 28:9,21. 2Sa 1:9; 4:8; 14:7; 16:11; 18:13; 19:5; 23:17. 1Ki 1:12; 2:23; 3:11; 19:2,3,4,10,14; 20:31,39,42. 2Ki 1:13,14; 7:7; 10:24. 1Ch 11:19. 2Ch 1:11. Est 7:3,7; 8:11; 9:16. Job 2:4,6; 6:11; 13:14; 31:39. Psa 31:13; 38:12. Pro 1:18,19; 6:26; 7:23; 12:10; 13:3,8. Isa 15:4; 43:4. Jer 4:30; 11:21; 19:7,9; 21:7,9; 22:25; 34:20,21; 38:2,16; 39:18; 44:30; 14:5; 46:26; 48:6; 49:37. Lam 2:19; 5:9. Eze 32:10. Jon 1:14; 4:3. “Ghost”, (2) Job 11:20. Jer 15:9. “Breath”, (1) Job 12:21.
IV. “Desire”, (5) Ecc 6:9. Jer 22:27; 44:14. Mic 7:3. Hab 2:5. “Mind”, (15) Gen 23:8. Deu 18:6; 28:65. 1Sa 2:35. 2Sa 17:8. 2Ki 9:15. 1Ch 28:9. Jer 15:1. Eze 23:17,18,22,28; 24:25; 36:5. “Heart”, (15) Exo 23:9. Lev 26:16. Deu 24:15. 1Sa 2:23. 2Sa 3:21. Psa 10:3. Pro 23:7; 28:25; 31:6. Jer 13:20. Lam 3:51. Eze 25:6,15; 27:31. Hos 4:8. “Lust”, (2) Exo 15:9. Psa 78:18. “She will”, (1) Deu 21:14. “Pleasure”, (3) Deu 23:24. Psa 105:22. Jer 34:16. “Discontented”, (1) 1Sa 22:2. “Will”, (3) Psa 27:12; 12:2. Eze 16:27. “Greedy”, (1) Isa 55:11. “Hearty”, (1) Pro 27:9. “Appetite”, (2) Pro 23:2. Ecc 6:7.
In the NT ψυχή (psuch&emacr; 5590) (the equivalent of the Hebrew. נפש) occurs 105 times, and is translated as follows; — “Life” and “Lives” (40 times); “Soul” (58); “Mind” (3); “You” (1); “Heart” (1); “Us” (1); “Heartily”

2. heart -s
(from ψυχω (psuch&omacr; 5594) to breathe) life in individual existence, the breath or life which exists in every living thing, hence, a living individual, life in distinct individual existence, and the whole man himself.

3. mind [noun]
the breath, breath of animal lite; one of the manifestations of ζωή (z&omacr;&emacr; 2222), viz. that which is manifested in animals; hence, life, animal life, the living individual as such. Hence, it is used of the mind, as being one of the manifestations of life (ζωή (z&omacr;&emacr; 2222)).

4. life (lives)
breath of animal life; one manifestation of ζωή (z&omacr;&emacr; 2222), viz. that which is manifested in animals; hence, life, animal life, the living individual as such. [In one passage (Isa 10:18), 'nephesh' or ψυχή (psuch&emacr; 5590), ie applied to vegetable life.]
In phrases:
1. ἐκ ψυχή (ek 1537 psuch&emacr; 5590) heartily; out of the whole man.
ἐκ (ek 1537) out of.
ψυχή (psuch&emacr; 5590)

2. τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν (t&omacr;n psuch&omacr;n hum&omacr;n) you; of your souls, that is to say according to the Hebrew idiom, yourselves (see Num 23:10. Jdg 16:30. 1Ki 20:32. Psa 59:3; 35:13; 131:2. Jer 18:20, and compare 38:6).
τῶν (t&omacr;n) of the.
ψυχῶν (psuch&omacr;n) souls
ὑμῶν (hum&omacr;n) of you.

3. ψυχὴν αἴρω (psuch&emacr;n air&omacr; 142) doubt (make to); hold up our lives.
ψυχὴν (psuch&emacr;n) the breath vital breath (Latin anima), the principle of life.
αἴρω (air&omacr; 142) to take up, lift up, raise.
4. ψυχὴν ἡμῶν (psuch&emacr;n h&emacr;m&omacr;n) us; ourselves.
ψυχὴν (psuch&emacr;n) the soul

Strong's Number: 5315		Browse Lexicon
Original Word	Word Origin
Xpn (נפש)	from (05314)
Transliterated Word	TDNT Entry
Nephesh	TWOT - 1395a
Phonetic Spelling	Parts of Speech
neh'-fesh	Noun Feminine

Definition
soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man living being living being (with life in the blood) the man himself, self, person or individual seat of the appetites seat of emotions and passions activity of mind dubious activity of the will dubious activity of the character dubious

NAS Word Usage - Total: 688
any 1, anyone 2, anyone* 1, appetite 7, being 1, beings 3, body 1, breath 1, corpse 2, creature 6, creatures 3, dead 1, dead person 2, deadly 1, death 1, defenseless* 1, desire 12, desire* 2, discontented* 1, endure* 1, feelings 1, fierce* 2, greedy* 1, heart 5, heart's 2, herself 12, Himself 4, himself 19, human 1, human being 1, hunger 1, life 146, life* 1, lifeblood* 2, lives 34, living creature 1, longing* 1, man 4, man's 1, men* 2, mind 2, Myself 3, myself 2, number 1, ones 1, others 1, ourselves 3, own 1, passion* 1, people 2, people* 1, perfume* 1, person 68, person* 1, persons 19, slave 1, some 1, soul 238, soul's 1, souls 12, strength 1, themselves 6, thirst 1, throat 2, will 1, wish 1, wishes 1, yourself 11, yourselves 13
Notice then that even plants and animals have nep-hesh

C. Cooperate with the elders and make their job as easy as possible.

18Pray for us, for we are sure that we have a good conscience, desiring to conduct ourselves honorably in all things. 19And I urge you all the more to do this, so that I may be restored to you the sooner.

Benediction

Prayer and Doxology

20Now the God of peace, who brought up from the dead the great Shepherd of the sheep through the blood of the eternal covenant, even Jesus our Lord, 21equip you in every good thing to do His will, working in us that which is pleasing in His sight, through Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory forever and ever. Amen.

The Contents of this Prayer.

A. According to Dr. Bruce this prayer has the contents of a Latin Collecta oratio (a gathered together prayer).

a. The invocation (Now the God of Peace).

b. An adjective clause stating the grounds for the petition. (who brought again from the dead the great Shepherd of the sheep through the blood of the eternal covenant).

c. The main petition (make you perfect in every good thing to do His will).

d. A subsidiary petition (working in us that which is well pleasing in His sight).

e. A pleading of the mediatorial merit of Christ (through Jesus Chirst).

f. A doxology (to whom be the glory for ever and ever).

g. The "Amen."

B. We recognize Jesus as the "good Shepherd" from John 10 but this reference is probably referring to the OT. This title comes from the LXX, Isa. 63:11.

11 Then he remembered the days of old, saying, “Where is He that brought up from the sea the shepherd of the sheep? Where is He that put His Holy Spirit in them? 12 Who led Moses with His right hand, the arm of His glory? He forced the water to separate from before him, to make Himself an everlasting name. 13 He led them through the deep, as a horse through the wilderness, and they did not faint.” Isaiah 63:11

C. Here the words are applied to Jesus as the second Moses. But in this context Jesus delivered these people not from the sea but from the realm of the dead.

Some Personal Matters

22But I urge you, brethren, bear with this word of exhortation, for I have written to you briefly. 23Take notice that our brother Timothy has been released, with whom, if he comes soon, I will see you. 24Greet all of your leaders and all the saints Those from Italy greet you.25Grace be with you all.

A. What then is the exhortation?

παράκλησις (parakl&emacr;sis 3874)
1. consolation
a calling near, a summons to one's side, hence, an admonitory, encouraging and consolatory exhortation, invitation or entreaty (opposed to παραίνεσις (parainesis) warning).

2. exhortation
a calling near, a summons to one's side; hence, an admonitory encouraging and consolatory exhortation, invitation or entreaty (opposed to παραίνεσις (parainesis) warning).

3. comfort [noun]
a calling near, a summons to one's side; hence, an admonitory, encouraging, and consolatory exhortation, invitation or entreaty (opposed to παραίνεσις (parainesis) warning).

4. entreaty
a calling near, a summons to one's side; hence, an admonitory, encouraging, and consolatory exhortation, invitation, or entreaty.

A. I think the word of exhortation here refers to the entire letter.

B. V.23__Timothy in prison? Since there is no record of Timothy in prison, this could mean Timothy is not yet released from another mission.

C. V. 24, once again they are told to obey the elders. The RSV translates "those from Italy" instead of they of Italy.

D. V. 25, the close.

Home

Hebrews Index

Metonymy \Me*ton"y*my\ (m[-e]*t[o^]n"[i^]*m[y^]; 277), n. [L.

metonymia, Gr. metwnymi`a; meta`, indicating change +

'o`nyma, for 'o`noma a name: cf. F. m['e]tonymie. See

Name.] (Rhet.)

A trope in which one word is put for another that suggests

it; as, we say, a man keeps a good table instead of good

provisions; we read Virgil, that is, his poems; a man has a

warm heart, that is, warm affections; a city dweller has no

wheels, that is, no automobile.

[1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 2.0 [wn]

metonymy

n : substituting the name of an attribute or feature for the

name of the thing itself (as in `they counted heads')

by Lane Rogers

The Changeless Christ_________________________--Hebrews Chapter 12__________Lane Rogers

Benediction

Home

The Changeless Christ_______________--Hebrews Chapter 12Lane Rogers