Acts 1
All the Events in the 1st Seven Chapters can be summed up under the heading of:
THE CHURCH IN JERUSALEM
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1The first account I composed, Theophilus, about all that Jesus began to do and teach, 2until the day when He was taken up to heaven, after He had by the Holy Spirit given orders to the apostles whom He had chosen. 3To these He also presented Himself alive after His suffering, by many convincing proofs, appearing to them over a period of forty days and speaking of the things concerning the kingdom of God. 4Gathering them together, He commanded them not to leave Jerusalem, but to wait for what the Father had promised, "Which," He said, "you heard of from Me; 5for John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now." |
I. An Introduction to the History of the Assembly in Jerusalem.
A. Verse 1
Here are a few points of interest. Luke wrote another book to this same person "Theophilus." This name is a "Greek" name and means "lover of God." In the book of Luke (Lk.1-4) we have a similar redaction clause. Luke never claims that he is writing down everything the Lord has done. Luke says he is writing about the things "concerning" what the Lord has done.
B. Verse 2___Luke refers to Luke 24:5o-53. This is where we find the orders given to the apostles. If a person can overlook the Lutheran cannon we have in our Bibles and visualize the the book of Luke immediately in front of the book of Acts, then we see they are the same story continued. Before Jesus was received up, He gave orders to the apostles through the Holy Spirit. I take this to mean that Jesus gave the "Great Commission once again."
C. Verse 3__Those to whom Jesus showed Himself alive are the apostles and others. Like Paul in 1 Cor. 15:5-7, Luke's emphasis is on the "resurrection of Jesus and the "many convincing proofs" such as we find in Luke 24:13ff. Over a period of 40 days implies that during that time the Lord showed Himself at intervals, not continuously. When the Lord appeared, He talked about the "Kingdom of God." (Short Study on the Kingdom)
The theme of the "kingdom of God" is common in the NT as well as the OT. The word "Kingdom" has two primary meanings. Those under the "reign" and the area "ruled," or realm.
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βασιλεία (basileia, 932), -ας, ἡ, (fr. βασιλεύω; to be distinguished fr. βασίλεια a queen; cf. ἱερεία priesthood fr. ἱερεύω, and ἱέρεια a priestess fr. ἱερεῦς), [fr. Hdt. down]; 1. royal power, kingship, dominion, rule: Lk. i. 33; xix. 12, 15; xxii. 29; Jn. xviii. 36; Acts i. 6; Heb. i. 8; 1 Co. xv. 24; Rev. xvii. 12; of the royal power of Jesus as the triumphant Messiah, in the phrase ἔρχεσθαι ἐν τῆ βασ. αὐτοῦ, i. e. to come in his kingship, clothed with this power: Mt. xvi. 28; Lk. xxiii. 42 [εἰς τὴν β. L mrg. Tr mrg. WH txt.]; of the royal power and dignity conferred on Christians in the Messiah’s kingdom: Rev. i. 6 (acc. to Tr txt. WH mrg. ἐποίησεν ἡμῖν or L ἡμῶν [yet R G Τ WH txt. Tr mrg. ἡμᾶς] βασιλείαν [Rec. βασιλεῖς]); τοῦ θεοῦ, the royal power and dignity belonging to God, Rev. xii. 10. 2. a kingdom i. e. the territory subject to the rule of a king: Mt. xii. 25 sq.; xxiv. 7; Mk. iii. 24; vi. 23; xiii. 8; Lk. xi. 17; xxi. 10; plur.: Mt. iv. 8; Lk. iy. |
D. Verse 4___I think this is a reference to Luke 24:13-49. This is in the upper room where Jesus showed Himself alive.
E. Verse 5___It is here that Luke expands on Luke 24:49. Jesus told them that "you will be clothed with power from on high." Now Luke tells them that "the promise of the Father" which they heard in John 14:16 and lest they become confused as to exactly what that promise was, He informs them through the words of John the Baptist (Matthew 3:11, 12) that they will be "baptized" with the Holy Spirit now many days in the future. To be "baptized" is to be "immersed" with or covered up with.
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βαπτίζω (baptizō 907) 1. baptize (in form a frequentative or factitive of βάπτω (baptō 911), dip or dye). βαπτίζω (baptizō 907) to make a thing dipped or dyed. To immerse for a religious purpose, may be traced back to the Levitical washings (see Lev 14:8,9). |
On the Mount of Olives
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6So when they had come together, they were asking Him, saying, "Lord, is it at this time You are restoring the kingdom to Israel?" 7He said to them, "It is not for you to know times or epochs which the Father has fixed by His own authority;8but you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be My witnesses both in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and even to the remotest part of the earth." The Ascension 9And after He had said these things, He was lifted up while they were looking on, and a cloud received Him out of their sight.10And as they were gazing intently into the sky while He was going, behold, two men in white clothing stood beside them.11They also said, "Men of Galilee, why do you stand looking into the sky? This Jesus, who has been taken up from you into heaven, will come in just the same way as you have watched Him go into heaven." |
A. Verse 6____Luke already told Theophilus that Jesus "appeared" in the space of 40 days. This is a description of one of those events. Luke also told us already that when Jesus appeared that He wanted to talk about the "kingdom of God." That is not what the disciples want to discuss. They want to speak of the "kingdom of Israel." The "kingdom of God" and the "kingdom of Israel" are not the same.
B. Verses 7-8____Jesus is not chiding them for their ignorance because they thought the "Kingdom" was about to be setup. He simply reminds them that the "time" of the coming of the kingdom was not for them to know. He had promised them while in the upper room that the Holy Spirit was to come with power and this power was to come on them. It was their purpose to be a witness in all Judea and to the uttermost parts of the earth.
C. Verses 9-11____We now witness through the writings the ascension of Jesus. "And He lifted up His hands, and blessed them. And it came to pass while He blessed them, He parted from them." (Luke 24:50, 51).
1. The two men did not appear in the heavens to which the apostles were gazing. "They stood beside them" in white apparel.
The Upper Room
A. Verse 12___ This is a transition verse. If we read Luke 24:52,53 we find that they "returned with great joy, and they were continually in the temple blessing God." So we can say they spent their time waiting either in the temple or the upper room.
B. Verse 13___This speaks of the house in which the apostles had been living. There is reason to believe that this is the same house described in Lk. 22:7-13. Here are the names of those in attendance.
1. Peter and John
2. James and Andrew
3. Philip and Thomas
4. Bartholomew and Matthew
5. James the son of Alphaeus
6. Simon the Zealot
7. Judas the son of James
If we add Matthias, we have 12.
C. Verse 14____Now we find that as soon as they entered the upper room__there was a prayer meeting. They were in one accord.
The Place of Judas Filled_____
A. Verse 15___All the events described in the 1st chapter took place in ten days. The time period between the ascension and the Day of Pentecost.
a. The eleven held a prayer meeting in the upper room. v.14
b. They were continually in the temple blessing God. Lk. 24:52
c. They transacted the business of filling the office of Judas. 15-26__
1. There was about 120 people in the large upper room.
B. Verse 16___The eleven were promised by Jesus that they were to be immersed with the Holy Spirit (1:5) and receive power from the Holy Spirit (1:8) It is somewhat vague as to what "Scripture" we are speaking of here but my guess is "Psalm 41:9 as referenced in John 13:18. There is another slant on this that some may not have considered. Bede writes that the number 11 will not fulfill Scripture. The number 12 has prophetic qualities in and of itself particularly in light of the book of Revelation.
C. Verse 17-20___Seven hundred years before this time the angels sang of the advent of the Messiah. As mentioned above, the prophecy of Judas was foretold by David. Now we have a list of 5 things that Judas was to do.
1. "He was a guide to them that took Jesus" 16b.
2. "He was numbered among us" 17a.
3. "And received a portion in this ministry" (i.e. he was a part of the ministry of Jesus) 17b.
4. "Obtained a field with the thirty pieces of silver." This was done indirectly through the Priest. 18a.
5. He fell head long into the field from his hanging position and burst open and hence the name of the field "the field of blood."
a. Verse twenty speaks of two different Psalms. 1st we have a quote or part of a quote from Psalm 69:25, telling us about the empty spot that Judas left.
b. Then in Psalm 109:8__we are told that someone else was to take his place.
See comment below on the death of Judas
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Since
we are studying the book of Acts and not the book of Matthew, we
will only make a brief mention concerning Judas hanging himself as
noted above in Matthew 27:3-10. No man commits suicide casually.
There is a strange consistency in Judas’ final act. Because his
root motivation seems to have been selfish ambition that clamored
for instant solutions, he would not hesitate to eliminate anyone
or anything that jeopardized his happiness. |
D. Verses 21-26____ In the remaining 6 verses, we view the actual business at hand. It is here we find the qualifications for an apostle:
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21"Therefore it is necessary that of the men who have accompanied us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us--22beginning with the baptism of John until the day that He was taken up from us--one of these must become a witness with us of His resurrection. |
I am sorry but there is no Mormon apostle that I know of that ever met these qualifications. The individual chosen had to be with "us," the disciples, from the beginning of the Lord's ministry all the way to the resurrection. Yes, this person must have been witness of the resurrection.
In verse 26
we have Matthias chosen by lot. They probably used the OT method of
casting lots following the precedent of Psalm 16:33. Interesting that
this method is never mentioned again. After Pentecost they depended on
the Holy Spirit.
Some modern writers deny that Matthais was a "real apostle." In 6:2 we
are told outright that he was "numbered with the others."